Published Articles
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PoE Power Budget Calculator: How to Plan Power for Multi-Device Networks
# PoE Power Budget Calculator: How to Plan Power for Multi-Device Networks Power over Ethernet is one of those technologies that sounds simple until you start planning a real deployment.
I2C Bus Design Mistakes: 7 Errors That Cause Communication Failures
# I2C Bus Design Mistakes: 7 Errors That Cause Communication Failures I2C is supposed to be simple.
IPC-2221 vs IPC-2152: Which PCB Trace Standard Should You Use?
# IPC-2221 vs IPC-2152: Which PCB Trace Standard Should You Use?
10 Common PCB Design Mistakes That Fail EMC Testing (And How to Fix Them)
# 10 Common PCB Design Mistakes That Fail EMC Testing (And How to Fix Them) You just got your board back from the EMC lab and it failed.
FPGA Selection Playbook for Edge Products
A concise framework for choosing FPGA families when power budgets, lifecycle availability, and integration complexity all compete.
FPGA vs ASIC vs MCU: When to Choose Each for Your Design
# FPGA vs ASIC vs MCU: When to Choose Each for Your Design You're starting a new hardware project and the first big architectural decision is staring you in the face: FPGA, ASIC, or MCU?
SOM vs SBC Decisions Through a Lifecycle Risk Matrix
A structured way to compare module and board options when long-term support, cost stability, and redesign risk matter most.
Power over Ethernet (PoE) Explained: IEEE 802.3af/at/bt Standards Compared
# Power over Ethernet (PoE) Explained: IEEE 802.3af/at/bt Standards Compared Running both data and power over a single Ethernet cable sounds simple — and it is, once you understand the standards.
Differential-Pair Skew Planning with Real Stackups
A disciplined approach to skew budgeting when dielectric variation, layer changes, and connectors are all part of the path.
PCB Trace Width Calculator: How to Use IPC-2221 Standards
# PCB Trace Width Calculator: How to Use IPC-2221 Standards You're laying out a PCB and need to run 3 amps through a power trace.
IPC Trace Current Derating Inside Hot Enclosures
How to convert IPC-based trace calculations into robust derating decisions for sealed or high-ambient product enclosures.
I2C Pull-Up Resistor Calculation: A Complete Guide with Formulas
# I2C Pull-Up Resistor Calculation: A Complete Guide with Formulas You've got your I2C bus wired up, but the signals look terrible on the scope — slow rise times, rounded edges, maybe even communication failures.
I²C Bus Margins to Lock Before Prototype Freeze
The highest-impact I²C checks to complete before your first prototype run to avoid late debugging cycles.
How to Read Resistor Color Codes: 4-Band, 5-Band, and 6-Band Explained
# How to Read Resistor Color Codes: 4-Band, 5-Band, and 6-Band Explained You've probably been there — staring at a tiny cylindrical component with colored stripes, trying to figure out if that's a 4.7kΩ or a 47kΩ resistor.
Avoiding Hidden Power Budget Failures in PoE Deployments
A practical pre-deployment checklist for preventing undervoltage and startup instability in long-run PoE systems.